Similar to varicose veins, hemorrhoids are caused by abnormal dilation of blood vessels. There are two types: internal (located in the rectum) and external (located under the skin around the anus).

The real cause of hemorrhoids is not clear. It is believed that excessive and repeated pressure on the veins in the anal and rectal regions is related to this.

Hemorrhoids are part of the anatomy of the anal canal and anus. They contribute to continence Internal hemorrhoids, located at the top of the anal canal, are sensitive to gas and stool pressure. They are usually not painful, even when dilated. External hemorrhoids are located under the skin of the anus, which is very sensitive to pain.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids are the appearance of a small lump just at the edge of the anus, the same color as the skin. Sometimes the blood accumulated in this dilated hemorrhoid coagulates and forms a clot which then gives the lump a bluish color. The formation of this clot often causes severe pain, because the wall of the anus, which is very irrigated and innervated, is extremely sensitive. Hemorrhoids bleed, but rarely to the point of causing serious blood loss.

These symptoms are mainly those of attacks of external hemorrhoids. Rather, attacks of internal hemorrhoids cause discreet bleeding, usually visible only on toilet paper, during or after bowel movements. These attacks are usually not painful. However, some people with this type of problem experience irritation, itching or a frequent urge to have a bowel movement, without result. When internal hemorrhoids are very dilated, they can appear outside the anus, especially during flare-ups.

Several factors can predispose a person to have hemorrhoids, for example: • the constipation; • a diet low in fiber; • obesity; • pregnancy and childbirth; • weakening of the pelvic and rectal muscles; • frequent and prolonged sitting; • physical inactivity; • inheritance.

Some over-the-counter medications contain ingredients that reduce and relieve symptoms associated with hemorrhoids. They are sold as a cream, ointment or suppository. In addition, during a seizure, it is advisable to take a lukewarm water bath for about 15 minutes (a few times a day) to soothe the pain and keep the anal area clean.